LICHEN PLANUS

What is the cause of lichen planus?

The cause of lichen planus is unknown. However, there are distinct triggering factors for this condition. These include medications (antihypertensives, antimalarials, antiepileptics and anti-TB drugs). An underlying infection has also been postulated as a trigger for the development of lichen planus.

What are the clinical features of this condition?

The characteristic features of lichen planus are the violaceous colour and the presence of itching (pruritus). The skin lesions are polygonal, raised, and tend to have a shiny surface. The characteristic sites of involvement on the skin include the flexures of the wrists, armpits, trunk, and lower back region. The lesions may appear thickened and involve the lower limbs.

Are there any other parts of the body affected?

Scalp – Here lichen planus presents with pigmented patches centered around the hair follicle. If untreated, it may lead to scarring and hair loss (alopecia).

Oral mucosa – the lesions may appear in net pattern with fine lacy lines affecting the buccal mucosa. Alternatively, they may appear as painful erosions and ulcers affecting the oral mucosa. If left untreated, there is a small chance of malignancy.